From the Goths this belief spreads to other Germanic tribes. The missionary Ulfilas converts the Goths to Arian Christianity, a heretical teaching that views Christ as less divine than the Father. This insecurity leads to a succession of soldier-emperors who rule for only a few years before being overthrown by a competitor. The Roman empire is regularly attacked by Germanic peoples such as the Goths on the Danube and the Alemans and Franks on the Rhine. There, the emperor Marcus Aurelius leads the Roman army into the great Marcomannic Wars against the Marcomanni and the Quadi. Local people adopt Roman culture in all its forms, including dress, religion, artistic style, and the Latin language.Ĭonflict between Roman armies and Germanic tribes on the borders of the empire increases, notably in Dacia, in present-day Romania. Marketplaces, public squares (fora), civic buildings, temples, theaters, bath complexes, and triumphal arches adorn the cities of the provinces Roman roads speed transportation, and aqueducts supply water. The Romans involve local elites in the administration of provincial centers, including public works and cultural life. Queen Boadicea leads one uprising in Britain in 61 A.D., and Claudius Civilis another in the present-day Netherlands in 69 A.D. Germanic peoples, whom the Romans call barbarians, revolt against Roman rule. In the 130s A.D., Emperor Hadrian builds a wall many miles long across the Northumbrian hills, marking the northwestern limit of the Roman empire. Roman culture becomes well established among the Britons.
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